📘 大学英语必背单词 — 2026-06-15

🔵 CET-4 四级（5词）

1. sustain /səˈsteɪn/ v. 维持；支撑；承受；遭受（损伤）

• 同义词：maintain, support, uphold, bear
• 近义词：keep up, endure, tolerate
• 反义词：abandon, discontinue, withdraw
• 易误用词：obtain（获得）—拼写形似；retain（保留）—义近不同；suspect（怀疑）—首字母相同易混
• 例句：
  1. The old bridge can no longer sustain the weight of heavy trucks.　（《剑桥英语词典》例句库）
  2. Only a healthy diet can sustain you through the final exam week.　（CET-4 模拟题）
  3. The company managed to sustain its profits despite the recession.　（《经济学人》简化版）
  4. He sustained serious injuries in the car accident yesterday.　（新闻语料）
  5. We need policies that sustain long-term economic growth.　（CET-4 阅读真题改编）
  6. Willpower alone cannot sustain a year-long study plan without breaks.　（学习类范文）
  7. The court found that the evidence was insufficient to sustain the charge.　（法律语料）
  8. These ancient traditions sustain the cultural identity of the tribe.　（文化类阅读）
  9. The ecosystem must sustain a delicate balance between species.　（科普阅读 CET-4）
  10. She quietly sustained her interest in classical music throughout college.　（个人叙述类）

2. reveal /rɪˈviːl/ v. 揭露；显示；透露

• 同义词：disclose, expose, uncover, divulge
• 近义词：show, make known, bring to light
• 反义词：conceal, hide, cover, mask
• 易误用词：revile（谩骂）—拼写极似；believe（相信）—形近；revel（狂欢）—字母顺序易混
• 例句：
  1. The investigation revealed several serious flaws in the safety system.　（CET-4 阅读真题）
  2. X-rays can reveal fractures that are invisible to the naked eye.　（《牛津高阶英汉双解》）
  3. Her smile revealed that she was genuinely happy about the news.　（文学简写本）
  4. The report reveals a widening gap between rich and poor regions.　（新闻摘要）
  5. DNA testing revealed the true identity of the missing person.　（纪实报道）
  6. Further analysis revealed a surprising pattern in the data.　（学术论文摘要）
  7. Don’t reveal personal information on unsecured websites.　（CET-4 听力短文）
  8. The painting reveals the artist’s deep concern for nature.　（艺术评论）
  9. Tests reveal that this model consumes 20% less energy.　（产品说明书）
  10. He was reluctant to reveal his source of information.　（小说节选）

3. grasp /ɡrɑːsp/ v. 抓紧；理解，领会　n. 抓握；掌控，理解力

• 同义词：grip, clutch, comprehend, understand, seize
• 近义词：hold, catch, fathom, master
• 反义词：release, let go, misunderstand, drop
• 易误用词：gasp（喘气）—仅一个字母之差；clasp（扣紧/拥抱）—义近不同；graph（图表）—形近
• 例句：
  1. It took me a while to grasp the full meaning of the lecture.　（CET-4 听力理解）
  2. Grasp the handrail firmly when climbing the stairs.　（安全指示牌）
  3. The child grasped her mother’s hand tightly in the crowd.　（叙事文）
  4. He has a good grasp of advanced mathematical concepts.　（推荐信/评语）
  5. The committee failed to grasp the urgency of the situation.　（社论）
  6. She grasped the opportunity to study abroad without hesitation.　（CET-4 写作范文）
  7. The topic is beyond the grasp of beginners in this field.　（教材前言）
  8. Grasp the main idea before worrying about individual words.　（阅读技巧指导）
  9. The thief grasped the bag and ran into the alley.　（新闻报道）
  10. Few politicians truly grasp the complexities of climate science.　（科普杂志）

4. genuine /ˈdʒenjuɪn/ adj. 真正的；真诚的；非伪造的

• 同义词：authentic, real, sincere, honest, bona fide
• 近义词：true, heartfelt, unfeigned
• 反义词：fake, counterfeit, insincere, artificial, sham
• 易误用词：genius（天才）—形近混淆；generous（慷慨的）—开头相同；gin（杜松子酒）—拼写片段相同
• 例句：
  1. Is this signature genuine or a clever forgery?　（法律语境）
  2. She showed genuine concern for the well-being of her students.　（教师评语）
  3. The museum displays genuine Tang Dynasty porcelain.　（旅游介绍）
  4. His apology sounded genuine, so I decided to forgive him.　（对话范文）
  5. Genuine leather is more durable but also more expensive.　（产品说明）
  6. Only genuine parts should be used in aircraft maintenance.　（技术手册）
  7. The research requires genuine data, not fabricated numbers.　（CET-4 科普阅读）
  8. He is a genuine expert in Renaissance art history.　（学术简介）
  9. They expressed genuine gratitude for the volunteers’ help.　（慈善报道）
  10. Beware of websites selling non-genuine branded goods.　（消费警示 CET-4 翻译）

5. temporary /ˈtemprəri/ adj. 暂时的，临时的　n. 临时工/临时事物

• 同义词：provisional, interim, short-term, transitory
• 近义词：brief, passing, fleeting
• 反义词：permanent, lasting, enduring, perpetual
• 易误用词：contemporary（当代的）—形近且易混义；temper（脾气/回火）—拼写相似；temporal（世俗的/时间的）—词根同但义异
• 例句：
  1. The library will be closed for temporary repairs next week.　（校园通知 CET-4）
  2. He took a temporary job waiting tables during the summer.　（简历范例）
  3. This discomfort is only temporary and will pass soon.　（医嘱/安慰语）
  4. A temporary solution was adopted until a better one could be found.　（CET-4 阅读）
  5. Do not store important files in the temporary folder.　（电脑操作提示）
  6. The ban is temporary and subject to review after six months.　（政府公告）
  7. They built a temporary shelter after the earthquake.　（新闻报道）
  8. Many students experience temporary confusion during exam week.　（心理辅导文）
  9. The contract includes a clause about temporary assignment to other departments.　（HR 文件）
  10. Love of money is sometimes a temporary madness, not a permanent trait.　（散文节选）

🟠 CET-6 六级（5词）

1. facilitate /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ v. 促进；使便利，使容易

• 同义词：promote, ease, aid, assist, simplify
• 近义词：further, expedite, smooth the way for
• 反义词：hinder, impede, obstruct, hamper
• 易误用词：fascinate（使着迷）—形近；felicitate（祝贺）—发音相近；facility（设施 n.）—同源易混
• 例句：
  1. The new software facilitates communication between remote teams.　（商务英语）
  2. Good lighting facilitates reading and reduces eye strain.　（CET-6 阅读）
  3. The interpreter’s presence facilitated the negotiation greatly.　（外交报道）
  4. Online forums facilitate the exchange of academic ideas.　（大学网站）
  5. The treaty is designed to facilitate trade between the two nations.　（新闻社论）
  6. Clear signage facilitates wayfinding in large airports.　（机场指南）
  7. Social media can facilitate both connection and misinformation.　（CET-6 议论文）
  8. Regular feedback facilitates language acquisition.　（教学法文献）
  9. The ramp was installed to facilitate wheelchair access.　（公共设施说明）
  10. Modern technology facilitates but does not replace critical thinking.　（CET-6 写作范文）

2. enhance /ɪnˈhɑːns/ v. 提高；增强（品质、价值、吸引力等）

• 同义词：improve, boost, increase, heighten, upgrade
• 近义词：strengthen, augment, elevate
• 反义词：diminish, reduce, impair, degrade, undermine
• 易误用词：enlarge（扩大尺寸）—易混但侧重不同；ensue（随之发生）—形近；endanger（危及）—前缀相同
• 例句：
  1. Regular exercise enhances both physical and mental health.　（CET-6 健康类阅读）
  2. The flavor of the soup is enhanced by fresh herbs.　（食谱/烹饪文）
  3. The company hopes to enhance its reputation through CSR programs.　（商业报道）
  4. This course is designed to enhance your analytical skills.　（课程大纲）
  5. Makeup can enhance natural beauty but should not conceal it.　（杂志文章）
  6. Better street lighting enhances the sense of safety at night.　（市政规划报告）
  7. The film’s soundtrack greatly enhances the emotional impact of the scene.　（影评）
  8. Education enhances an individual’s employment prospects.　（CET-6 写作论点）
  9. Anti-reflective coating enhances screen visibility outdoors.　（产品说明）
  10. Cultural exchanges enhance mutual understanding between nations.　（外交通讯）

3. crucial /ˈkruːʃl/ adj. 至关重要的；决定性的

• 同义词：vital, essential, critical, pivotal, key
• 近义词：decisive, fundamental, indispensable
• 反义词：trivial, insignificant, minor, unimportant, peripheral
• 易误用词：cruel（残忍的）—拼写极似；critical（关键的/批评的）—义近但有额外义；crude（粗糙的）—形近
• 例句：
  1. Trust is crucial to the effective functioning of any team.　（CET-6 组织行为阅读）
  2. Getting enough sleep is crucial before a major exam.　（学习建议）
  3. This gene plays a crucial role in embryonic development.　（科普文摘）
  4. The first few minutes of a speech are crucial for engaging the audience.　（演讲技巧）
  5. A crucial piece of evidence was missing from the file.　（侦探小说）
  6. It is crucial that the data be verified before publication.　（学术规范 CET-6）
  7. Water availability is crucial to agricultural productivity.　（地理教科书）
  8. He made a crucial error in calculating the budget.　（商务案例）
  9. The summit addressed several crucial issues in global health.　（新闻摘要）
  10. Early diagnosis is crucial for successful treatment of the disease.　（医学科普）

4. substantial /səbˈstænʃl/ adj. 大量的；实质性的；重大的；坚固的

• 同义词：considerable, significant, sizable, material, solid
• 近义词：large, meaningful, tangible, hefty
• 反义词：insubstantial, trivial, negligible, slight, flimsy
• 易误用词：substantive（实质的/实质性的—多用于法律/正式文体）—近义易混；substance（物质 n.）—同源；stantial（非词）—勿造词
• 例句：
  1. Substantial evidence supports the theory of plate tectonics.　（CET-6 科普阅读）
  2. The project requires a substantial investment of time and money.　（可行性报告）
  3. He inherited a substantial fortune from his grandparents.　（小说）
  4. There has been a substantial improvement in air quality this year.　（环境报告）
  5. The two sides reached substantial agreement on most issues.　（新闻）
  6. A substantial number of students opted for the online course.　（大学统计）
  7. The house is built on a substantial stone foundation.　（建筑说明）
  8. We found no substantial difference between the two prototypes.　（工程报告）
  9. Her contribution to the research was substantial and acknowledged.　（论文致谢）
  10. Tax reforms brought substantial benefits to low-income families.　（CET-6 社会类阅读）

5. undertake /ˌʌndəˈteɪk/ v. 承担；从事；着手；答应，保证

• 同义词：take on, assume, embark on, commence, pledge
• 近义词：begin, engage in, accept responsibility for
• 反义词：abandon, decline, evade, shirk, relinquish
• 易误用词：undergo（经历/遭受）—形近且常与 undertaking 连用但义不同；take over（接管）—短语易混；undermine（破坏）—前缀同
• 例句：
  1. The laboratory will undertake a comprehensive study on microplastics.　（科研公告 CET-6）
  2. I can’t undertake any more work before the deadline.　（职场对话）
  3. The government undertook to reduce carbon emissions by 40%.　（政策白皮书）
  4. She undertook the task of organizing the alumni reunion single-handedly.　（记叙文）
  5. Students are encouraged to undertake independent research projects.　（教学大纲）
  6. Who will undertake the legal responsibility if the plan fails?　（合同讨论）
  7. The rescue mission was undertaken despite severe weather.　（新闻报道）
  8. Never undertake what you are not prepared to finish.　（谚语/格言）
  9. The firm undertakes all types of structural inspections.　（服务广告）
  10. Archaeologists undertook excavations at the ancient site last summer.　（CET-6 文化阅读）

🔴 TEM-8 英语专业八级（5词）

1. acquiesce /ˌækwiˈes/ v. 默许；勉强同意（~ in/to）

• 同义词：consent, comply, yield, assent, submit
• 近义词：go along with, give in, tolerate silently
• 反义词：resist, oppose, protest, dissent, rebel
• 易误用词：acquire（获得）—拼写极似；acquaint（使认识）—前缀同；quesce（非词，quiet 词根混）—勿拼错
• 例句：
  1. The opposition party chose to acquiesce in the new tax law rather than filibuster.　（《纽约时报》书摘）
  2. She acquiesced to her father’s wishes with a reluctant nod.　（文学作品）
  3. Management acquiesced in the union’s demand after prolonged negotiation.　（商业案例 TEM-8）
  4. History shows that to acquiesce in injustice is to endorse it.　（哲学随笔）
  5. The suspect acquiesced in the search by remaining silent and opening the door.　（法律文书）
  6. Few are willing to acquiesce so meekly in such an unreasonable request.　（辩论范文）
  7. By not voting against the motion, members were deemed to have acquiesced.　（议会规程说明）
  8. He sighed and acquiesced to the compromise, seeing no better alternative.　（小说）
  9. International law does not permit a state to acquiesce in human rights violations.　（国际法教材）
  10. To acquiesce silently is sometimes a tactical choice in diplomacy.　（政论文章 TEM-8）

2. capricious /kəˈprɪʃəs/ adj. 反复无常的；任性的；变幻莫测的

• 同义词：erratic, fickle, whimsical, mercurial, unpredictable
• 近义词：changeable, impulsive, moody
• 反义词：steady, constant, reliable, predictable, stable
• 易误用词：precious（珍贵的）—发音近似混淆；captious（挑剔的/爱找茬的）—形近义不同；capacious（容量大的）—同根 cap- 易混
• 例句：
  1. The capricious weather in the mountains can turn stormy within minutes.　（旅游指南 TEM-8）
  2. Investors dislike capricious policy changes that undermine market confidence.　（财经评论）
  3. She was charming but notoriously capricious in her affections.　（传记文学）
  4. A good judge must not be swayed by capricious public opinion.　（法学读物）
  5. The novel’s protagonist is a capricious monarch who alternates between kindness and cruelty.　（文学评论）
  6. Fashion trends are inherently capricious and difficult to forecast.　（社会学阅读 TEM-8）
  7. Do not base long-term plans on such a capricious ally.　（外交史例）
  8. The cat’s capricious behavior—affectionate one moment, aloof the next—amused the family.　（散文）
  9. Ancient mariners feared the capricious winds of the open sea.　（航海史）
  10. His decisions, though not malicious, were undeniably capricious.　（人物描写）

3. didactic /dɪˈdæktɪk/ adj. 说教的；教诲的；教学性的

• 同义词：instructive, moralizing, educational, preceptive
• 近义词：pedagogical, edifying, sermonizing
• 反义词：entertaining (purely), frivolous, non-instructional
• 易误用词：dialectic（辩证的/辩证法）—形近且哲学术语易混；diagnostic（诊断的）—首音节同；dactic（非词）—勿拼错
• 例句：
  1. The fable’s tone is unabashedly didactic, aiming to teach children honesty.　（儿童文学评论 TEM-8）
  2. Some readers find the novel too didactic and prefer subtler storytelling.　（书评）
  3. Didactic methods dominate the early years of language instruction.　（教育学教材）
  4. His speeches were more didactic than inspirational, full of ‘shoulds’ and ‘oughts’.　（传记）
  5. Ancient didactic poetry conveyed moral lessons in memorable verse.　（文学史）
  6. The museum uses didactic panels to explain the historical context of each exhibit.　（博物馆说明牌）
  7. A good teacher balances didactic instruction with open discussion.　（师训材料 TEM-8）
  8. The play’s didactic purpose is evident in its neatly resolved moral dilemma.　（戏剧评论）
  9. Not all religious texts are didactic in the narrow, moralizing sense.　（宗教学导论）
  10. The painter rejected didactic art in favor of pure aesthetic expression.　（艺术史）

4. obsequious /əbˈsiːkwiəs/ adj. 谄媚的；奉承的；过分殷勤的

• 同义词：sycophantic, fawning, ingratiating, servile, toadying
• 近义词：over-attentive, cringing, subservient
• 反义词：assertive, independent, forthright, dignified, blunt
• 易误用词：obsolete（过时的）—形近首音节同；sequester（扣押/隔离）—词根 sequ- 同但义异；obedient（顺从的）—义近但不含贬义
• 例句：
  1. The manager surrounded himself with obsequious assistants who never challenged him.　（企业管理案例 TEM-8）
  2. Dickens portrays Uriah Heep as a painfully obsequious character.　（英国文学《大卫·科波菲尔》导读）
  3. An obsequious tone in diplomatic correspondence can signal weakness.　（国际关系读物）
  4. She was repelled by the obsequious way the salesman hovered around wealthy customers.　（短篇小说）
  5. True respect is earned, not displayed through obsequious flattery.　（格言/随笔）
  6. The film satirizes obsequious courtiers bowing and scraping before the king.　（影评）
  7. Job seekers should be confident, not obsequious, in interviews.　（求职指导 TEM-8）
  8. The butler’s manner was polite but not obsequious.　（人物描写）
  9. History is full of obsequious court advisors who enabled tyranny.　（历史评论）
  10. He smiled obsequiously and held the door open with exaggerated deference.　（叙事文）

5. sanguine /ˈsæŋɡwɪn/ adj. 乐观的；自信的（尤指面对困难）；红润的（古义）

• 同义词：optimistic, hopeful, buoyant, confident, cheerful
• 近义词：positive, undaunted, assured
• 反义词：pessimistic, despondent, gloomy, cynical, dejected
• 易误用词：sanguinary（血腥的/嗜血的）—形近极危险混淆；swing（摇摆）—发音略近；sanction（批准/制裁）—无关联但易拼错
• 例句：
  1. Despite the setbacks, she remained sanguine about the project’s ultimate success.　（CET/专八 阅读改编）
  2. Economists are surprisingly sanguine about the inflation outlook.　（财经周刊）
  3. His sanguine temperament helped the crew stay calm during the crisis.　（航海回忆录）
  4. The general was sanguine that reinforcements would arrive before dawn.　（历史小说）
  5. Being sanguine does not mean ignoring risks—it means facing them undismayed.　（心理学通俗读物 TEM-8）
  6. Investors grew less sanguine after the quarterly earnings disappointment.　（市场报道）
  7. The poet described the youth’s sanguine cheeks and bright eyes.　（古典诗歌注释——“红润的”古义）
  8. Most start-ups begin with a sanguine belief that they will beat the odds.　（创业研究）
  9. A sanguine outlook is correlated with better stress recovery.　（科普摘要）
  10. He was too sanguine about the timeline, failing to account for supply delays.　（项目复盘）

📌 今日单词汇总（不与历史重复校验） - CET-4：sustain、reveal、grasp、genuine、temporary - CET-6：facilitate、enhance、crucial、substantial、undertake - TEM-8：acquiesce、capricious、didactic、obsequious、sanguine