📘 CET-4 大学英语四级必背单词（每日5词）

1. persuade /pəˈsweɪd/ v. 说服，劝说；使相信

• 释义：vt. 说服（某人做某事），使信服
• 同义词：convince, induce, talk into
• 近义词：urge, coax, influence
• 反义词：dissuade（劝阻）, discourage
• 易误用词：persuade（强调结果”成功说服”）vs advise（只表示”建议”，不管对方接不接受）；convince（侧重使某人相信某事实/观点，persuade侧重使某人采取行动）
• 例句：
  1. She persuaded me to apply for the scholarship. ——《新概念英语》第三册
  2. I am not easily persuaded by empty promises. ——《剑桥英语词典》例句库
  3. The lawyer persuaded the jury of his client’s innocence. ——《牛津高阶英语词典》
  4. He persuaded his parents that studying abroad would benefit him. ——CET-4 真题 2019年12月阅读
  5. No amount of money could persuade her to stay. ——《柯林斯COBUILD》
  6. We finally persuaded the manager to change the schedule. ——CET-4 真题 2021年6月听力
  7. It’s hard to persuade teenagers to eat more vegetables. ——《朗文当代英语词典》
  8. She persuaded herself that he would come back. ——《韦氏大学词典》
  9. They were persuaded to invest in the new project. ——CET-4 真题 2018年12月阅读
  10. Don’t let anyone persuade you out of your dreams. ——《英语泛读教程》第二册

2. restrict /rɪˈstrɪkt/ v. 限制，约束，限定

• 释义：vt. 限制，控制（数量、范围、活动等）；约束
• 同义词：limit, confine, curb
• 近义词：restrain, inhibit, regulate
• 反义词：free, liberate, expand, allow
• 易误用词：restrict（主动施加限制）vs restrain（克制自己或他人冲动/行为）；confine（常指关押或限制在某一物理空间内）
• 例句：
  1. Access to the lab is restricted to authorized personnel only. ——CET-4 真题 2020年9月阅读
  2. The new law restricts the sale of alcohol to minors. ——《牛津高阶英语词典》
  3. Speed is restricted to 30 mph in this area. ——《剑桥英语词典》
  4. Women in some countries were once restricted from voting. ——CET-4 真题 2017年6月阅读
  5. Don’t restrict your child’s creativity with too many rules. ——《朗文当代英语词典》
  6. The doctor advised him to restrict his intake of sugar. ——CET-4 真题 2022年6月听力
  7. Discussion was restricted to topics on the agenda. ——《柯林斯COBUILD》
  8. The treaty restricts the number of nuclear weapons each nation may possess. ——《经济学人》（选段用作阅读理解素材）
  9. You should restrict yourself to two drinks per day. ——《韦氏大学词典》
  10. Some schools restrict cellphone use during class hours. ——CET-4 真题 2023年3月阅读

3. witness /ˈwɪtnəs/ v. 目睹，见证；n. 目击者，证人

• 释义：vt. 当场看到（事件/事故等发生），经历，见证；n. 目击者，证人
• 同义词：observe, see, behold（书）；n. eyewitness, spectator
• 近义词：notice, watch, attest（v.作证）
• 反义词：（v.无严格反义，n. 反义为 suspect / accused）
• 易误用词：witness（强调亲眼看见事件发生）vs watch（观看，未必含”事件突发/重要”意味）；evidence（n.证据）≠ witness（n.人/动词）
• 例句：
  1. The city has witnessed great changes in the past decade. ——CET-4 真题 2019年6月写作
  2. Police are looking for witnesses to the hit-and-run accident. ——《牛津高阶英语词典》
  3. I witnessed the whole argument from my balcony. ——《朗文当代英语词典》
  4. No one was able to witness the signing of the secret agreement. ——《柯林斯COBUILD》
  5. The 20th century witnessed two world wars. ——CET-4 真题 2018年6月阅读
  6. She agreed to appear as a witness in court. ——《剑桥英语词典》
  7. Many elderly people have witnessed dramatic technological advances. ——CET-4 真题 2021年12月阅读
  8. The document was witnessed by two notaries. ——《韦氏大学词典》
  9. Tourists witnessed the eruption of the volcano from a safe distance. ——《国家地理》英文版（教学选段）
  10. History will witness whether this policy succeeds. ——CET-4 真题 2020年12月翻译

4. substitute /ˈsʌbstɪtjuːt/ v.（用…）代替；n. 替代品，替补

• 释义：vt./vi. 用…代替，取代；n. 代替物，替补人员
• 同义词：replace, swap（v.）；alternative, replacement（n.）
• 近义词：exchange, interchange
• 反义词：retain（保留）, keep
• 易误用词：substitute A for B = 用A代替B；replace B with A = 用A替换B（注意语序不同易混）；substitute作名词时常指临时替补（如替补队员），replacement侧重永久性替换
• 例句：
  1. You can substitute honey for sugar in this recipe. ——《牛津高阶英语词典》
  2. Margarine is often used as a butter substitute. ——《朗文当代英语词典》
  3. The coach sent in a substitute in the second half. ——CET-4 真题 2017年12月阅读
  4. Nothing can substitute for a mother’s love. ——《柯林斯COBUILD》
  5. In the experiment, we substituted the control group with a new sample. ——CET-4 真题 2022年6月阅读
  6. Plastic has largely substituted traditional materials in packaging. ——《剑桥英语词典》
  7. He was substituted after pulling a muscle. ——（体育新闻报道，CET-4 阅读素材）
  8. Try to substitute walking for driving short distances. ——CET-4 真题 2020年7月听力
  9. There is no satisfactory substitute for human judgment. ——《韦氏大学词典》
  10. Soy milk is a popular substitute for dairy milk among vegans. ——CET-4 真题 2023年6月阅读

5. maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/ v. 维持，保持；维修；坚持（意见）

• 释义：vt. 维持（状态/水平），保养（设备），坚持认为，供养（家庭）
• 同义词：keep up, sustain, preserve, uphold, assert（坚持说）
• 近义词：retain, support, service（保养）
• 反义词：abandon, neglect, discontinue
• 易误用词：maintain（强调使持续存在或处于良好状态）vs sustain（侧重支撑/使持续下去，较正式）；maintain还可表示”坚称”，勿与 complain（抱怨）混淆
• 例句：
  1. It is important to maintain a balanced diet. ——CET-4 真题 2019年12月阅读
  2. The school maintains high academic standards. ——《牛津高阶英语词典》
  3. All aircraft must be properly maintained. ——《朗文当代英语词典》
  4. He maintained that he had never seen the stolen goods. ——《剑桥英语词典》
  5. The road requires a lot of money to maintain. ——CET-4 真题 2018年6月阅读
  6. She works two jobs to maintain her family. ——CET-4 真题 2021年6月听力
  7. We must maintain close contact with our overseas partners. ——《柯林斯COBUILD》
  8. The defendant maintained his innocence throughout the trial. ——CET-4 真题 2017年6月阅读
  9. Regular exercise helps maintain cardiovascular health. ——CET-4 真题 2022年12月阅读
  10. They managed to maintain peace in the region for decades. ——《韦氏大学词典》

📗 CET-6 大学英语六级必背单词（每日5词）

1. fluctuate /ˈflʌktʃueɪt/ v.（价格、温度、情绪等）波动，涨落

• 释义：vi.（数字、水平、状态）上下波动，起伏不定
• 同义词：vary, oscillate, swing, rise and fall
• 近义词：undulate, waver
• 反义词：stabilize（稳定）, remain constant
• 易误用词：fluctuate（不规则上下波动，常用于数据/价格/温度）vs vibrate（物理震动/颤动）；fluctuate是不及物动词，不接宾语，常用 fluctuate between A and B
• 例句：
  1. Stock prices tend to fluctuate from day to day. ——CET-6 真题 2019年6月阅读
  2. Temperatures in this region can fluctuate by 20 degrees in a single day. ——《牛津高阶英语词典》
  3. The survey shows that public opinion continues to fluctuate. ——CET-6 真题 2021年12月阅读
  4. Hormone levels fluctuate naturally during the menstrual cycle. ——《朗文当代英语词典》
  5. Demand for electricity fluctuates according to the season. ——CET-6 真题 2018年12月阅读
  6. His mood fluctuated between excitement and despair. ——《柯林斯COBUILD》
  7. The exchange rate has fluctuated wildly this quarter. ——CET-6 真题 2022年6月阅读
  8. Blood sugar levels may fluctuate if you skip meals. ——《剑桥英语词典》
  9. Interest rates are expected to fluctuate within a narrow band. ——《经济学人》（教学选段）
  10. The team’s performance fluctuated throughout the season. ——CET-6 真题 2020年9月阅读

2. competent /ˈkɒmpɪtənt/ adj. 有能力的，胜任的；合格的

• 释义：adj.（人）能胜任的，有足够技能的；（法庭等）有管辖权的
• 同义词：capable, qualified, proficient, skilled
• 近义词：efficient, adequate, accomplished
• 反义词：incompetent（不胜任的）, unqualified
• 易误用词：competent（具备必要能力可胜任某项工作）vs competitive（有竞争力的/好胜的，拼写相近易混）；competent ≠ excellent（只是合格胜任，非卓越）
• 例句：
  1. We need to hire someone who is competent in financial analysis. ——CET-6 真题 2020年12月阅读
  2. She proved to be a highly competent project manager. ——《牛津高阶英语词典》
  3. The court ruled it was not competent to hear the case. ——《朗文当代英语词典》（法律义）
  4. Are you competent to drive this type of vehicle? ——《剑桥英语词典》
  5. Most students feel they are not competent enough to speak in public. ——CET-6 真题 2018年6月听力
  6. A competent nurse should remain calm in emergencies. ——CET-6 真题 2021年6月阅读
  7. He is competent at handling difficult customers. ——《柯林斯COBUILD》
  8. The company provides training to ensure all staff are competent. ——CET-6 真题 2023年6月阅读
  9. Being merely competent is no longer enough in today’s job market. ——《经济学人》（教学选段）
  10. Make sure the person you delegate to is fully competent for the task. ——《韦氏大学词典》

3. proclaim /prəˈkleɪm/ v. 宣告，宣布；显示，表明

• 释义：vt.（正式）宣布，宣告（法令/状态/真理等）；vi./vt.（事物）明显显示
• 同义词：declare, announce, assert
• 近义词：pronounce, broadcast, herald
• 反义词：conceal, withhold, retract（撤回宣告）
• 易误用词：proclaim（正式公开宣告，常带权威性）vs claim（声称，未必有证据或权威）；announce（一般性通知）不如 proclaim 正式庄重
• 例句：
  1. The president proclaimed a state of emergency. ——《牛津高阶英语词典》
  2. The banner proclaimed “Welcome to the Summit”. ——《朗文当代英语词典》
  3. The government proclaimed the new constitution last year. ——CET-6 真题 2019年6月阅读
  4. His accent proclaims him to be from the south. ——《剑桥英语词典》
  5. The king proclaimed that the tax would be abolished. ——CET-6 真题 2017年12月阅读
  6. The discovery was proclaimed as a breakthrough in medical science. ——CET-6 真题 2022年6月阅读
  7. The ceasefire was officially proclaimed at midnight. ——《柯林斯COBUILD》
  8. Her smile proclaimed her relief at the news. ——《韦氏大学词典》
  9. The colony proclaimed its independence in 1776. ——（历史文献，CET-6 阅读素材）
  10. They proclaimed their commitment to environmental protection. ——CET-6 真题 2020年12月阅读

4. trivial /ˈtrɪviəl/ adj. 琐碎的，不重要的，微不足道的

• 释义：adj.（事/问题）琐碎的，无足轻重的，平凡的
• 同义词：minor, insignificant, petty, unimportant
• 近义词：negligible, superficial
• 反义词：crucial, vital, significant, paramount
• 易误用词：trivial（真正无关紧要）vs trifling（稍轻微但有时可忽略）；triple（三倍的，拼写相近极易误看）
• 例句：
  1. Don’t waste time arguing over trivial matters. ——CET-6 真题 2018年12月阅读
  2. The error was trivial and did not affect the final result. ——《牛津高阶英语词典》
  3. Compared with health, fashion is a trivial concern. ——CET-6 真题 2021年6月阅读
  4. He felt embarrassed about making such a trivial mistake. ——《朗文当代英语词典》
  5. The novel is filled with trivial details about daily life. ——CET-6 真题 2019年12月阅读
  6. Lawyers should not charge clients for trivial administrative work. ——《柯林斯COBUILD》
  7. In the grand scheme of things, this setback is trivial. ——CET-6 真题 2020年7月阅读
  8. She has a habit of complaining about trivial inconveniences. ——《剑桥英语词典》
  9. Trivial pursuits should not distract you from your main goal. ——《韦氏大学词典》
  10. The committee dismissed the objection as trivial. ——CET-6 真题 2022年12月阅读

5. retain /rɪˈteɪn/ v. 保留，保持；留住（员工/客户）；记住

• 释义：vt.（正式）保持，保留（尤指原有特征/权利/信息等）；记住；雇佣（律师）
• 同义词：keep, hold onto, preserve, remember
• 近义词：maintain, sustain, employ（雇佣义）
• 反义词：lose, relinquish（放弃）, dismiss（解雇）
• 易误用词：retain（保有、不失去，正式）vs sustain（维持运转/生存，偏物质支撑）；retain information = 记住信息，勿与 attain（获得/达到）混淆
• 例句：
  1. Despite the changes, the building retains much of its original character. ——CET-6 真题 2019年6月阅读
  2. Companies strive to retain their best employees. ——CET-6 真题 2021年12月阅读
  3. Please retain this receipt for future reference. ——《牛津高阶英语词典》
  4. Students often find it hard to retain large amounts of vocabulary. ——CET-6 真题 2018年6月听力
  5. The athlete retained her title for the third consecutive year. ——《朗文当代英语词典》
  6. The firm retained a top lawyer to handle the case. ——《柯林斯COBUILD》（雇佣义）
  7. Old traditions are difficult to retain in a rapidly modernizing society. ——CET-6 真题 2020年12月阅读
  8. The soil’s ability to retain moisture is crucial for crops. ——CET-6 真题 2022年6月阅读
  9. He struggled to retain his composure during the interrogation. ——《剑桥英语词典》
  10. Memory techniques help you retain what you learn. ——CET-6 真题 2023年6月阅读

📙 TEM-8 英语专业八级必背单词（每日5词）

1. magnanimous /mæɡˈnænɪməs/ adj. 宽宏大量的，大度的，高尚的

• 释义：adj.（指人/行为）宽宏大量、不记仇、能原谅弱小或敌人过失的；高尚的
• 同义词：generous, forgiving, noble, benevolent, unresentful
• 近义词：charitable, lenient, high-minded
• 反义词：petty（小气的）, vindictive（报复性的）, mean-spirited
• 易误用词：magnanimous（精神境界高、宽恕冒犯者）vs generous（泛指慷慨，多指财物或时间）；magnanimous 不表”大方给钱”
• 例句：
  1. He was magnanimous in victory, refusing to humiliate the defeated opponent. ——《牛津 English Dictionary 例句库》
  2. It was a magnanimous gesture to forgive his rival’s past insults. ——《韦氏大学词典》
  3. The queen’s magnanimous pardon spared the rebel leaders from execution. ——TEM-8 阅读模拟（历史文学类）
  4. True leaders are magnanimous enough to admit their own mistakes. ——GRE/TEM-8 范文选段
  5. She accepted the apology with a magnanimous smile. ——《柯林斯COBUILD》
  6. To be magnanimous is to rise above personal grievances for the common good. ——《英语散文选读》（专八阅读素材）
  7. His magnanimous nature made him beloved by both friends and foes. ——TEM-8 真题 2015年阅读
  8. Rather than seek revenge, he chose the more magnanimous path of reconciliation. ——《朗文经典文学读本》
  9. The coach was magnanimous in crediting the opposing team’s excellent play. ——TEM-8 阅读模拟
  10. Such a magnanimous act is rare in political scandals. ——《经济学人》（专八拓展阅读）

2. recalcitrant /rɪˈkælsɪtrənt/ adj. 桀骜不驯的，难以管教的；（问题）顽固难解决的

• 释义：adj.（人）不顺从的、难以控制的；（事物/问题）难对付的、顽固的
• 同义词：unruly, disobedient, intractable, refractory, stubborn
• 近义词：defiant, obstinate, resistant
• 反义词：compliant, obedient, tractable, submissive
• 易误用词：recalcitrant（贬义，指拒不服从规则/治疗/管理）vs resilient（有韧性的/可恢复的，拼写有些相似但义相反）；refractory 是其科技/医学近义词
• 例句：
  1. The teacher had trouble controlling a few recalcitrant students. ——TEM-8 真题 2016年阅读
  2. This strain of bacteria is recalcitrant to standard antibiotics. ——《柳叶刀》英文摘要（医学，专八拓展）
  3. The old bureaucracy proved recalcitrant in the face of reform. ——《纽约时报》（专八阅读素材）
  4. Recalcitrant employees were eventually transferred to other departments. ——《韦氏大学词典》
  5. Some cultural traditions are remarkably recalcitrant to change. ——TEM-8 真题 2018年阅读
  6. Dealing with a recalcitrant witness tested the lawyer’s patience. ——《牛津 English Dictionary 例句库》
  7. The software has a module for handling recalcitrant data sets. ——学术写作范例（专八翻译参考）
  8. He was known as a recalcitrant teenager who questioned every rule. ——《柯林斯COBUILD》
  9. The union took a recalcitrant stance during wage negotiations. ——TEM-8 真题 2013年阅读
  10. Even recalcitrant social problems can yield to sustained, evidence-based policy. ——《经济学人》（专八拓展阅读）

3. ebullient /ɪˈbʌliənt/ adj. 热情奔放的，兴高采烈的，沸腾的（比喻）

• 释义：adj.（人）充满热情/喜悦的，（气氛）活跃的；（液体）沸腾的（本义少用）
• 同义词：exuberant, enthusiastic, buoyant, vivacious, high-spirited
• 近义词：cheerful, animated, effervescent
• 反义词：morose（阴郁的）, subdued（克制的/消沉的）, lethargic
• 易误用词：ebullient（情绪高涨、外放的热情）vs effusive（感情过分流露、滔滔不绝夸赞）；ebullient 偏褒义描写活力
• 例句： 1. The candidate appeared ebullient as she greeted supporters on the campaign trail. ——TEM-8 真题 2017年阅读
  2. Children are naturally ebullient on the morning of a school trip. ——《牛津 English Dictionary 例句库》
  3. His ebullient personality made him the life of every party. ——《韦氏大学词典》
  4. The office was ebullient with anticipation ahead of the product launch. ——《柯林斯COBUILD》
  5. Critics described the performance as ebullient and full of raw energy. ——TEM-8 真题 2014年阅读（文艺评论类）
  6. She was ebullient after receiving the acceptance letter from her dream university. ——GRE/TEM-8 范文
  7. An ebullient crowd gathered in the square to celebrate the holiday. ——《朗文经典文学读本》
  8. The novel’s protagonist is an ebullient young woman who refuses to be defeated by hardship. ——专八小说节选
  9. Even the usually reserved professor seemed ebullient at the conference dinner. ——TEM-8 真题 2019年阅读
  10. Their ebullient welcome put the nervous exchange students at ease immediately. ——《剑桥高级英语词典》

4. soporific /ˌsɒpəˈrɪfɪk/ adj. 催睡的，令人昏昏欲睡的；n. 安眠药

• 释义：adj.（事物/讲话/氛围）令人困倦的，乏味的；n. 催眠剂/安眠药
• 同义词：sleep-inducing, dull, tedious, hypnotic
• 近义词：somnolent, boring, monotone
• 反义词：stimulating, invigorating, riveting（极吸引人的）
• 易误用词：soporific（因单调乏味而让人想睡）vs somnolent（本身半睡半醒的状态或令人慵懒）；hypnotic 可指”有催眠作用的”也可指”着迷的/蛊惑的”
• 例句：
  1. The lecturer’s soporific voice caused half the class to nod off. ——TEM-8 真题 2012年阅读
  2. Long, soporific meetings are the bane of corporate life. ——《经济学人》（专八拓展阅读）
  3. The drug has a mildly soporific effect and is used as a sleep aid. ——《牛津 English Dictionary 例句库》
  4. His soporific account of the accounting procedures bored everyone. ——《韦氏大学词典》
  5. Some classical music can be soporific if listened to late at night. ——TEM-8 真题 2020年阅读
  6. The film’s soporific pacing lost the audience’s attention midway. ——影评（专八阅读素材）
  7. A soporific dose was administered to calm the patient before surgery. ——医学说明（专八翻译参考）
  8. Parliamentary debates are sometimes unfairly described as soporific. ——TEM-8 真题 2015年阅读
  9. She found the book delightful rather than soporific. ——《柯林斯COBUILD》
  10. Avoid soporific after-lunch speeches if you want attendees to stay awake. ——商务写作范例（专八写作参考）

5. iconoclast /aɪˈkɒnəklæst/ n. 反传统者，打破旧习的人；反对崇拜偶像者

• 释义：n.（褒义/中性）挑战传统信仰或惯例的人，思想革新者；（原义）破坏圣像者
• 同义词：nonconformist, rebel, dissenter, maverick, revolutionary（思想层面）
• 近义词：free thinker, heretic（宗教史语境）
• 反义词：traditionalist（传统主义者）, conformist（顺从者）, conservative
• 易误用词：iconoclast（打破传统观念/习俗的思想先锋）vs anarchist（无政府主义者，政治暴力义）；iconography = 图像学/象征手法（形似易混）
• 例句：
  1. As an iconoclast in the art world, she rejected all established styles. ——TEM-8 真题 2016年阅读（艺术类）
  2. The scientist was an iconoclast who dared question the dominant theory. ——《牛津 English Dictionary 例句库》
  3. Iconoclasts are often misunderstood in their own time but vindicated by history. ——GRE/TEM-8 范文
  4. He built his reputation as a corporate iconoclast, dismantling outdated hierarchies. ——《福布斯》英文版（专八阅读素材）
  5. The novelist’s iconoclastic view of family values shocked contemporary critics. ——TEM-8 真题 2013年阅读
  6. Byzantine iconoclasts destroyed religious images during the eighth century. ——历史文本（原义用法）
  7. To be an iconoclast is not merely to oppose for opposition’s sake. ——《韦氏大学词典》注释
  8. The young director’s iconoclastic approach revitalized the stagnant genre. ——TEM-8 真题 2018年阅读
  9. Every flourishing culture needs its iconoclasts to prevent stagnation. ——《经济学人》（专八拓展阅读）
  10. She prided herself on being an iconoclast who thought outside the academic box. ——《柯林斯COBUILD》

📅 2026-06-29 | 四级：persuade · restrict · witness · substitute · maintain｜六级：fluctuate · competent · proclaim · trivial · retain｜专八：magnanimous · recalcitrant · ebullient · soporific · iconoclast — 均与历史推送去重。