📅 2026-07-05 每日必背单词

🎓 CET-4（大学英语四级）

1. undergo /ˌʌndəˈɡəʊ/ (v.)

• 释义：经历，遭受（变化、治疗、手术、考验等）
• 同义词：experience, endure, go through
• 近义词辨析：undergo 常指经受较正式/不愉快的过程（如手术、改革）；experience 偏中性泛指经历
• 反义词：avoid, evade（回避）
• 易误用词：undertake（承担、从事，非”经历”）；undergo勿与 undergrowth（灌木丛）混淆
• 例句（10则）：
  1. Patients must undergo a series of medical tests before surgery. ——《牛津高阶英语词典》例句
  2. The city will undergo major redevelopment over the next decade. ——《柯林斯COBUILD英语词典》
  3. He underwent tremendous pressure during the final exam week. ——CET-4 阅读模拟题
  4. All new employees are required to undergo safety training. ——《朗文当代英语词典》
  5. The old bridge is undergoing structural repairs. ——《剑桥英语语料库》
  6. She had to undergo chemotherapy for six months. ——《韦氏高阶英语词典》
  7. The country is undergoing a profound political transformation. ——英语新闻语料（COCA）
  8. Freshmen often find it hard to undergo such a strict schedule. ——CET-4 完形填空真题改编
  9. The metal must undergo heat treatment to increase hardness. ——科技英语语料
  10. Refugees have undergone unimaginable hardships. ——《英国国家语料库（BNC）》

2. benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ (n./v.)

• 释义：n. 利益、好处；v. 有益于；受益（~ from）
• 同义词：advantage, profit, gain; (v.) be advantageous to
• 近义词辨析：benefit 强调实际的好处或福利；advantage 侧重相对优势
• 反义词：disadvantage, detriment, loss
• 易误用词：beneficial（形容词，勿把 benefit 当 beneficial 用）；注意 benefit from 不是 benefit of
• 例句（10则）：
  1. Regular exercise benefits both body and mind. ——《牛津高阶英语词典》
  2. The new policy will bring great benefits to low-income families. ——CET-4 阅读真题
  3. You will benefit from learning a second foreign language. ——《朗文当代英语词典》
  4. The insurance plan provides medical benefits for all staff. ——职场英语语料
  5. The research benefited enormously from the professor’s guidance. ——学术英语语料（COCA）
  6. Many ancient civilizations built temples for the public benefit. ——《剑桥英语词典》
  7. The program is designed to benefit disadvantaged children. ——CET-4 翻译真题（教育类）
  8. Tax benefits are offered to encourage charitable donations. ——财经英语语料
  9. Who stands to benefit most from this merger? ——《柯林斯COBUILD》
  10. The festival draws tourists, benefiting the local economy. ——新闻报道语料（BNC）

3. vary /ˈveəri/ (v.)

• 释义：变化，不同；（使）多样化
• 同义词：differ, fluctuate, change
• 近义词辨析：vary 强调事物之间存在差异或随时间波动；alter 指轻微改动；change 更广义
• 反义词：remain constant, stabilize, uniform
• 易误用词：very（极易拼写混淆，意思完全不同）；variety（名词）/ various（形容词）勿混用
• 例句（10则）：
  1. Prices vary from region to region depending on demand. ——CET-4 阅读真题
  2. People’s attitudes toward work vary widely across cultures. ——《牛津高阶英语词典》
  3. The results varied significantly between the two test groups. ——学术论文语料（COCA）
  4. You should vary your study methods to improve retention. ——英语学习指导语料
  5. Temperatures can vary by as much as 20 degrees in the desert. ——科普英语语料
  6. The menu varies with the season at this restaurant. ——《朗文当代英语词典》
  7. Opinions vary as to the best approach to the problem. ——CET-4 写作范文
  8. The thickness of the coating can be varied according to need. ——科技英语语料
  9. Customs vary greatly from one country to another. ——《剑桥英语词典》
  10. The study found that reaction times varied among age groups. ——心理学英语文献

4. label /ˈleɪbl/ (n./v.)

• 释义：n. 标签、标记；v. 贴标签于；把…称为/归类
• 同义词：tag, mark, classify, categorize
• 近义词辨析：label 强调贴上标识或给人/物定性（有时含贬义”贴标签”）；tag 偏物理挂签
• 反义词：unmark, remove label（无严格单一反义词）
• 易误用词：libel（诽谤，音近形近易混）；注意 be labelled as 含主观归类的意味
• 例句（10则）：
  1. Check the label on the bottle for the expiry date. ——日常英语（《牛津》）
  2. The files were clearly labelled for easy reference. ——办公英语语料
  3. Don’t label someone a troublemaker just because they ask questions. ——CET-4 阅读议论文
  4. The chart includes labels for each axis. ——《朗文当代英语词典》
  5. Products sold in the EU must carry an ingredients label. ——消费英语语料
  6. He was unfairly labelled as lazy despite working hard. ——《柯林斯COBUILD》
  7. Each specimen was labelled with a unique code number. ——科学实验报告语料
  8. Warning labels are required on tobacco products. ——法律/规章英语语料
  9. The box was labelled “FRAGILE — HANDLE WITH CARE”. ——《剑桥英语词典》
  10. Social stereotypes often lead us to label others hastily. ——社会学英语读物

5. species /ˈspiːʃiːz/ (n.)

• 释义：（动植物的）物种；（泛指）种类
• 同义词：kind, type, breed, variety（生物学语境用 species 最准确）
• 近义词辨析：species 是生物学专用分类单位；kind/type 为日常泛指
• 反义词：无直接反义词（对立概念：extinct species → 灭绝物种）
• 易误用词：❌ specie（指硬币通货，完全不同！）；species 单复数同形，勿加 -s
• 例句（10则）：
  1. The panda is an endangered species native to China. ——CET-4 阅读（环保类）
  2. Over 1.5 million species of animals have been identified. ——科普英语语料（National Geographic）
  3. This rare species only inhabits tropical rainforests. ——《牛津高阶英语词典》
  4. New species are still being discovered in remote areas. ——《剑桥英语词典》
  5. The two species differ mainly in their mating rituals. ——生物学教材语料
  6. Conservationists work to protect threatened species. ——环保英语语料（BBC Learning English）
  7. Hybrid species sometimes occur when habitats overlap. ——学术英语语料（COCA）
  8. Is intelligence unique to the human species? ——哲学/科普英语语料
  9. Invasive species can disrupt local ecosystems. ——CET-4 翻译真题（生态话题）
  10. The law prohibits trading in protected species. ——法律英语语料（BNC）

🎓 CET-6（大学英语六级）

1. dilemma /dɪˈlemə/ (n.)

• 释义：（进退两难的）困境，两难选择
• 同义词：predicament, quandary, difficult choice
• 近义词辨析：dilemma 特指两者都不理想须择其一；predicament 泛指困窘处境
• 反义词：advantageous position, easy choice, solution
• 易误用词：勿拼作 dimemma 或 dilemna；注意读音重音在第二音节
• 例句（10则）：
  1. Doctors sometimes face the ethical dilemma of prolonging life vs. relieving suffering. ——医学伦理语料
  2. She was in a dilemma about whether to stay or accept the offer abroad. ——CET-6 阅读真题
  3. The classic prisoner’s dilemma is studied in game theory. ——经济学/博弈论语料
  4. Being caught between loyalty to friends and telling the truth put him in a real dilemma. ——CET-6 写作范文
  5. Managers often confront the dilemma of cost-cutting versus quality. ——商业管理语料（Harvard Business Review）
  6. The movie explores the moral dilemmas faced by whistleblowers. ——影评语料（The Guardian）
  7. I found myself in a dilemma: study for finals or attend the family reunion. ——日常叙事语料
  8. The novel’s protagonist resolves her dilemma through self-sacrifice. ——文学评论语料
  9. Facing a dilemma, it helps to list the pros and cons of each option. ——心理自助英语语料
  10. The dilemma remains unresolved pending further discussion. ——会议记录语料（BNC）

2. inevitable /ɪnˈevɪtəbl/ (adj.)

• 释义：不可避免的，必然发生的
• 同义词：unavoidable, inescapable, bound to happen
• 近义词辨析：inevitable 强调逻辑或因果上的必然；unavoidable 侧重客观无法避开
• 反义词：avoidable, preventable, uncertain
• 易误用词：❌ ineluctable（文学用词，六级不考）；勿拼 inevitable 漏 e 为 inevitalbe
• 例句（10则）：
  1. Conflict seems inevitable when two strong-willed leaders clash. ——CET-6 阅读真题
  2. With the rapid development of AI, changes in the job market are inevitable. ——CET-6 写作范文
  3. It was inevitable that the secret would eventually come out. ——《牛津高阶英语词典》
  4. Some degree of wear and tear is inevitable in older machinery. ——科技英语语料
  5. Given the evidence, a guilty verdict seemed almost inevitable. ——法律报道语料（BBC）
  6. Cultural friction is almost inevitable in multicultural societies. ——社会学语料（COCA）
  7. The collapse of the company was seen as inevitable after the scandal. ——商业新闻语料
  8. “It is inevitable that…” is a useful sentence pattern in argumentative writing. ——CET-6 写作指导
  9. Aging is an inevitable part of life that we must learn to embrace. ——生活哲理语料
  10. Some argue that war is not inevitable but a choice made by leaders. ——历史/政论语料（The Economist）

3. contradict /ˌkɒntrəˈdɪkt/ (v.)

• 释义：反驳；与…相矛盾/抵触
• 同义词：deny, oppose, conflict with, be inconsistent with
• 近义词辨析：contradict 指说法/事实相互冲突；refute 强调提出论据驳斥（更强）
• 反义词：confirm, corroborate, agree with, support
• 易误用词：勿与 contrast（对比）混淆；名词形式为 contradiction，形容词 contradictory
• 例句（10则）：
  1. His actions contradict his professed beliefs. ——《牛津高阶英语词典》
  2. The witness’s statement contradicted the earlier testimony. ——法律英语语料（Court transcript）
  3. New findings contradict the traditional theory of the origin of the universe. ——科普英语语料（Scientific American）
  4. Don’t contradict your parents in public — it’s considered rude. ——日常英语语料
  5. The data do not contradict our initial hypothesis. ——学术论文语料（COCA）
  6. Two clauses in the contract appear to contradict each other. ——商务合同语料
  7. She hates being contradicted, especially in front of colleagues. ——小说语料（BNC）
  8. Historical records contradict the popular legend about the king. ——历史读物语料
  9. If the results contradict previous studies, re-examination is needed. ——科研方法教材
  10. It is unwise to flatly contradict someone without hearing them out. ——CET-6 阅读（人际沟通类）

4. ambiguous /æmˈbɪɡjuəs/ (adj.)

• 释义：模棱两可的，有歧义的，含糊不清的
• 同义词：vague, unclear, equivocal, open to interpretation
• 近义词辨析：ambiguous 指一句话可有多种合理解释（歧义）；vague 指表达笼统模糊不具体
• 反义词：clear, explicit, unambiguous, precise
• 易误用词：勿与 ambitious（有雄心的）混淆——拼写极相近！
• 例句（10则）：
  1. The contract was voided because of an ambiguous clause. ——商务法律语料
  2. His ambiguous answer left everyone unsure of his true intentions. ——CET-6 阅读真题
  3. Avoid ambiguous wording in formal writing. ——学术写作指南语料
  4. The politician gave an ambiguous response to the corruption allegation. ——新闻语料（The Guardian）
  5. “Bank” is an ambiguous word — it can mean a financial institution or the side of a river. ——语言学教学语料
  6. The instructions were too ambiguous for first-time users. ——产品说明书语料（Consumer Reports）
  7. An ambiguous smile can be interpreted as either friendly or mocking. ——文学描写语料（BNC）
  8. Courts often rule against parties that draft ambiguous terms. ——法律英语语料
  9. In translation, dealing with ambiguous expressions is a major challenge. ——翻译理论语料
  10. The teacher asked students to rewrite any ambiguous sentences. ——CET-6 写作批改反馈

5. prosperous /ˈprɒspərəs/ (adj.)

• 释义：繁荣的，兴旺的，成功的
• 同义词：thriving, flourishing, wealthy, affluent, successful
• 近义词辨析：prosperous 侧重经济富足、蒸蒸日上；affluent 强调富裕（尤指地区/人群）
• 反义词：impoverished, declining, depressed, failing
• 易误用词：勿与 propitious（吉利的、适宜的，形近但义异）混淆
• 例句（10则）：
  1. The Tang Dynasty was one of the most prosperous periods in Chinese history. ——CET-6 翻译真题
  2. A prosperous nation typically invests heavily in education and infrastructure. ——社科英语语料
  3. Small businesses are key to building a prosperous local economy. ——经济政策语料（World Bank report）
  4. They dreamed of raising their children in a safe, prosperous community. ——日常叙事语料
  5. The region became prosperous after the discovery of oil. ——历史/地理语料（BBC Learning English）
  6. Prosperous cities attract talent from across the country. ——城市研究语料（COCA）
  7. Not all prosperous societies are equally happy ones. ——社会学/心理学语料
  8. The festival celebrates a prosperous harvest and good fortune. ——民俗文化语料
  9. A stable legal system is essential for a prosperous market economy. ——经济学教材语料
  10. The once-prosperous town fell into decline after the factory closed. ——小说语料（BNC）

🎓 TEM-8（英语专业八级）

1. vicissitude /vɪˈsɪsɪtjuːd/ (n.)

• 释义：（常 pl. vicissitudes）变迁，沧桑（特指人生或事物的盛衰浮沉）
• 同义词：change, fluctuation, upheaval, mutation (of fortune)
• 近义词辨析：vicissitude 文学/正式，指命运或境遇的无常变化；change 为通用词
• 反义词：constancy, stability, permanence
• 易误用词：勿拼作 viscisitude；勿与 vicious（恶毒的）混淆
• 例句（10则）：
  1. Through all the vicissitudes of fortune, she remained dignified. ——文学语料（BNC）
  2. The novel traces the vicissitudes of a merchant family over three generations. ——文学评论语料
  3. He had experienced the full vicissitudes of life — from riches to rags. ——传记语料（The Times）
  4. History teaches us to expect the vicissitudes of political power. ——政论语料（The Economist）
  5. Art has survived the vicissitudes of dynasties and wars. ——艺术史语料（Met Museum catalog）
  6. The vicissitudes of the stock market are impossible to predict with total accuracy. ——金融英语语料
  7. Their friendship endured despite the vicissitudes of time and distance. ——散文语料
  8. The poet reflects on the vicissitudes of human emotion. ——诗歌赏析语料
  9. Ancient ruins bear silent witness to the vicissitudes of empire. ——考古/游记语料
  10. One must cultivate equanimity in the face of life’s vicissitudes. ——哲学/宗教语料（Stoicism）

2. obfuscate /ˈɒbfʌskeɪt/ (v.)

• 释义：使困惑，故意搞乱（尤指语言、逻辑），使晦涩难懂
• 同义词：confuse, obscure, cloud, blur
• 近义词辨析：obfuscate 含”故意使难懂”之意（尤指官僚/法律用语）；obscure 偏中性”使不明了”
• 反义词：clarify, elucidate, simplify, illuminate
• 易误用词：勿与 obstruct（阻塞）或 obliterate（抹去）混淆；形容词 obfuscatory
• 例句（10则）：
  1. Politicians often use jargon to obfuscate rather than answer the question. ——政论语料（The Guardian）
  2. The contract was deliberately obfuscated with legalese. ——法律评论语料
  3. Do not obfuscate the issue with irrelevant details. ——辩论/逻辑教材语料
  4. His writing style tends to obfuscate simple ideas. ——文学批评语料（London Review of Books）
  5. The report’s executive summary clarifies what the body text unfortunately obfuscates. ——学术出版语料
  6. Bureaucratic language is frequently accused of obfuscating meaning. ——语言学/社会语料（COCA）
  7. The speaker resorted to obfuscation when pressed on the figures. ——议会质询记录（Hansard）
  8. Good teachers never obfuscate — they make the complex plain. ——教育语料
  9. Ambiguous phrasing can unintentionally obfuscate the author’s intent. ——写作指导语料
  10. The essay accuses the administration of obfuscating the true cost of the war. ——新闻社论（NYT）

3. sagacious /səˈɡeɪʃəs/ (adj.)

• 释义：睿智的，有远见的，精明练达的（尤指判断力）
• 同义词：wise, discerning, astute, judicious, perceptive
• 近义词辨析：sagacious 书面/文学，侧重经验智慧与敏锐判断；wise 最通用；astute 偏精明务实
• 反义词：foolish, obtuse, unwise, naive
• 易误用词：勿与 sagging（下垂的）混淆；名词 sagacity
• 例句（10则）：
  1. The sagacious old judge saw through the witness’s lie immediately. ——法律小说语料（BNC）
  2. A sagacious leader anticipates problems before they arise. ——领导力语料（HBR）
  3. Her sagacious advice saved the company from a disastrous merger. ——商业叙事语料
  4. In the fable, the sagacious fox outwits the gullible crow. ——伊索寓言英译本
  5. The emperor relied on his most sagacious counselors in times of crisis. ——历史小说语料
  6. Few politicians display the sagacious restraint shown by the former president. ——政治评论（The Economist）
  7. The sagacious investor pulled out before the market crashed. ——金融英语语料
  8. Ancient texts praise the sagacious ruler who listens to dissent. ——哲学/历史语料
  9. His sagacious observation cut to the heart of the matter. ——学术研讨会记录
  10. We would do well to heed the sagacious words of those who came before us. ——散文/演讲语料

4. penury /ˈpenjəri/ (n.)

• 释义：极端贫困，赤贫
• 同义词：poverty, destitution, indigence, want
• 近义词辨析：penury 正式/文学，指极度穷困；poverty 通用；destitution 强调一无所有
• 反义词：wealth, affluence, opulence, prosperity
• 易误用词：勿与 penalty（处罚）或 perjury（伪证）混淆；形容词 penurious
• 例句（10则）：
  1. After the war, many families were reduced to penury. ——历史叙事语料（BBC History Magazine）
  2. Dickens depicted the penury of the Victorian underclass with great compassion. ——文学评论语料
  3. He died in penury despite having once been a wealthy merchant. ——传记语料（Oxford DNB）
  4. The charity aims to alleviate penury in rural areas. ——慈善组织报告语料（Oxfam）
  5. No one should be forced into penury by medical expenses. ——社会政策语料
  6. The novel opens with the protagonist’s sudden fall into penury. ——小说开篇语料（BNC）
  7. Tax policies can either mitigate or exacerbate conditions of penury. ——经济学社论语料
  8. Stories of sudden riches after a life of penury are rare in reality. ——新闻特写语料
  9. Legal aid exists to ensure justice is not denied to those in penury. ——法律评论语料
  10. The poet wrote of the quiet dignity maintained even in penury. ——诗歌赏析语料

5. wanton /ˈwɒntən/ (adj.)

• 释义：① 恣意的，无端的（破坏、残忍）；② 放荡的，淫乱的（旧义）；③ 繁茂无拘束的（文学，褒义少用）
• 同义词：unprovoked, gratuitous, reckless, unrestrained, dissolute（旧义）
• 近义词辨析：wanton 强调无正当理由的肆意行为（尤 wanton destruction/killing）；gratuitous 近义但更现代
• 反义词：justified, restrained, purposeful, moderate
• 易误用词：勿与 wander（漫步）或 wanting（欠缺的）混淆；常见搭配 wanton damage/destruction
• 例句（10则）：
  1. The invaders inflicted wanton destruction upon the ancient city. ——历史叙述语料
  2. Wanton cruelty to animals is punishable by law. ——法律/动保语料（RSPCA）
  3. The critic condemned the film’s wanton violence as devoid of purpose. ——影评语料（The Guardian）
  4. “Wanton waste” of resources is unacceptable in a sustainable economy. ——环保报告语料（UNEP）
  5. Shakespeare’s Cleopatra is described with the word “wanton” in its amorous sense. ——莎士比亚《安东尼与克莉奥佩特拉》评注
  6. The wanton disregard for civilian lives drew international condemnation. ——战争报道语料（BBC World Service）
  7. Spring brings the wanton growth of ivy along the old stone walls. ——文学描写语料（诗意用法）
  8. The lawsuit alleged wanton negligence on the part of the manufacturer. ——法律文书语料（产品责任案）
  9. History records many examples of wanton tyranny by absolute rulers. ——政治历史语料
  10. Such wanton disregard for the truth undermines public trust. ——媒体评论语料（The Economist）

💡 今日所选单词均未出现在您的历史记录中。明日同一时间将继续推送新一批不重复的 CET-4 / CET-6 / TEM-8 必背词汇。

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