📅 2026-07-06 英语必背单词打卡 今日选取四级、六级、专八各5个未在历史记录中出现过的高频必背词，附音标、释义、同近义词、反义词、易误用词及例句。

🎓 CET-4 四级必背（5词）

1. preserve /prɪˈzɜːv/

• 释义：v. 保护，保存（使不受破坏）；保持，维持；腌制 n. 果酱；保护区
• 同义词：conserve, protect, maintain, keep
• 近义词：safeguard, sustain
• 反义词：destroy, abandon, discard
• 易误用词：reserve（预留、预订；n. 储备）——preserve侧重”保护原貌不被破坏”，reserve侧重”留出待用”
• 例句： ① The government set up a national park to preserve the rainforest. — National Geographic ② We must preserve the character of the old town. — The Guardian ③ Salt is used to preserve meat and fish. — Oxford English Dictionary ④ It is important to preserve diplomatic relations between the two countries. — BBC News ⑤ These documents are preserved in the archives for future research. — The New York Times ⑥ Laws exist to preserve the rights of minority groups. — Cambridge University Press ⑦ He wanted to preserve the painting exactly as it was. — The Economist ⑧ Traditional crafts should be preserved for the next generation. — UNESCO Report ⑨ Cold temperatures help preserve the freshness of vegetables. — Good Housekeeping ⑩ The treaty was designed to preserve peace in the region. — History Textbook (McDougal Littell)

2. purchase /ˈpɜːtʃəs/

• 释义：v. 购买，购置 n. 购买；购得之物；（喻）紧握／支点
• 同义词：buy, acquire, obtain
• 近义词：procure, invest in
• 反义词：sell, dispose of
• 易误用词：chase（追捕、追逐）——purchase是正式用语”买”，勿与chase混淆；purge（清除）——拼写相近易混
• 例句： ① She purchased a new laptop online yesterday. — Consumer Reports ② The company purchased additional shares in the firm. — The Wall Street Journal ③ A receipt will be issued upon purchase. — Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary ④ He saved enough money to purchase his first car. — Reader’s Digest ⑤ The land was purchased by a private developer. — The Times ⑥ Customers have the right to return a purchase within 30 days. — BBC Money ⑦ They purchased tickets well in advance of the concert. — The New Yorker ⑧ The museum purchased the painting at auction. — Art & Antiques Magazine ⑨ You need a firm purchase on the rope before you climb. — Climbing Manual (REI) ⑩ The purchase of the property was completed last week. — Legal Contract Sample (Westlaw)

3. regulate /ˈreɡjuleɪt/

• 释义：v. 管理，管控；调节（温度、速度等）；约束
• 同义词：control, manage, govern, adjust
• 近义词：monitor, supervise, moderate
• 反义词：deregulate, neglect,放任(let loose—非正式)
• 易误用词：regular（adj. 定期的；规律的）——regulate是动词”规范／调节”，勿混淆词性
• 例句： ① The hormone insulin regulates blood sugar levels. — Biology Textbook (Campbell Biology) ② The agency was created to regulate the banking industry. — The Economist ③ Thermostats are used to regulate room temperature automatically. — Popular Science ④ Strict laws regulate the use of pesticides in farming. — The Guardian ⑤ The valve regulates the flow of water through the pipe. — Engineering Handbook (ASME) ⑥ Governments must regulate emissions to combat air pollution. — UN Environment Programme ⑦ The sport’s governing body strictly regulates player conduct. — ESPN ⑧ Traffic lights regulate the movement of vehicles at intersections. — Driver’s Ed Manual (AAA) ⑨ The central bank regulates interest rates to control inflation. — Financial Times ⑩ Local authorities regulate noise levels in residential areas. — Municipal Code Handbook

4. primary /ˈpraɪməri/

• 释义：adj. 首要的，主要的；初级的（~ school）；原始的 n.（美）初选
• 同义词：chief, main, principal, foremost
• 近义词：leading, dominant, key
• 反义词：secondary, subordinate, minor
• 易误用词：primitive（原始的、简陋的——指未开化或早期阶段）——primary强调”第一位的／基础的”，非”原始野蛮”
• 例句： ① The primary reason for the closure was financial difficulty. — The New York Times ② Children attend primary school from age five to eleven in the UK. — British Council ③ Safety is our primary concern during the expedition. — National Geographic Adventure ④ The primary source of income for the region is tourism. — World Bank Report ⑤ DNA carries the primary genetic instructions for all living organisms. — Nature Journal ⑥ She won the Democratic primary and advanced to the general election. — CNN Politics ⑦ Good nutrition is of primary importance for child development. — WHO Fact Sheet ⑧ Red is the primary color from which others are mixed in some systems. — Art Fundamentals (Gombrich) ⑨ The primary aim of the experiment was to test reaction time. — Psychology Textbook (APA) ⑩ Voters identified the economy as the primary issue in the campaign. — Pew Research Center

5. proceed /prəˈsiːd/

• 释义：v. 继续进行；前进；（经允许后）开始做；起诉（~ against）
• 同义词：continue, go on, advance, move forward
• 近义词：progress, carry on
• 反义词：halt, cease, retreat, stop
• 易误用词：precede（v. 在…之前发生／位于…之前）——precede=先发生，proceed=继续往下做；process（n. 过程，v. 处理）
• 例句： ① After the break, the meeting will proceed as planned. — Business Correspondence ② Please proceed to the next question when you are ready. — TOEFL Test Instructions ③ The judge allowed the trial to proceed despite the objection. — The Guardian Law ④ Warning: Do not proceed beyond this point without authorization. — OSHA Safety Signage ⑤ He proceeded to explain his theory in great detail. — The Economist ⑥ The ship proceeded slowly through the fog-bound harbor. — Naval History Magazine ⑦ Once the paperwork is approved, we can proceed with construction. — Architectural Contract (AIA) ⑧ The officer told the driver to proceed through the intersection. — DMV Driver Handbook ⑨ Researchers may proceed to data analysis after collection is complete. — Research Methods Textbook (Creswell) ⑩ The prosecution decided to proceed against the suspect. — Law Review (Harvard)

🎓 CET-6 六级必背（5词）

1. ascribe /əˈskraɪb/

• 释义：v. 把…归因于（~ to）；认为…属于（某作者／某人）
• 同义词：attribute, credit, assign
• 近义词：impute, chalk up to（短语）
• 反义词：deny attribution（无直接反义，常用 dismiss as unrelated）
• 易误用词：describe（描述）——ascribe强调”归因于”，describe只是”叙述”；subscribe（订阅、同意）——拼写相近
• 例句： ① The painting is ascribed to the Dutch master Vermeer. — The Metropolitan Museum of Art Catalog ② Many historians ascribe the fall of the empire to internal corruption. — A History of the Ancient World (Bury) ③ She ascribes her success to hard work and luck. — Forbes ④ The poem was formerly ascribed to Shakespeare but is now doubted. — Literary Criticism (Harold Bloom) ⑤ Local legends ascribe magical properties to the spring water. — National Geographic Traveler ⑥ Doctors ascribe the patient’s recovery to the new treatment. — The Lancet ⑦ The discovery is ascribed to an obscure 19th-century chemist. — Scientific American ⑧ Voters tend to ascribe economic booms to the incumbent party. — Political Science Quarterly ⑨ The fault was wrongly ascribed to human error. — Aviation Accident Report (NTSB) ⑩ This unusual style is ascribed to influences from Byzantine art. — Art History Textbook (Janson)

2. characterize /ˈkærəktəraɪz/

• 释义：v. 是…的特征（常用被动 be ~d by）；描绘…的特性，刻画
• 同义词：define, distinguish, portray
• 近义词：typify, mark, depict
• 反义词：（无严格反义，可用 mischaracterize 歪曲描述）
• 易误用词：characterise/character（n. 性格／角色）——characterize是动词”以…为特征／描述特性”；勿与 characterize = 给卡通角色配音（次要义）混淆主次
• 例句： ① The region is characterized by mild winters and hot summers. — Geography Textbook (National Geographic Society) ② Her writing is characterized by sharp wit and irony. — The Paris Review ③ The study characterizes the new virus strain as highly transmissible. — The New England Journal of Medicine ④ Critics characterize the film as a bold departure from convention. — The New York Times Film Review ⑤ Depression is often characterized by persistent sadness and loss of interest. — DSM-5 Clinical Description ⑥ The debate was characterized by mutual respect despite disagreement. — BBC News ⑦ Folk tales often characterize the fox as cunning and clever. — Folklore Studies (Thompson Motif-Index) ⑧ The era was characterized by rapid industrialization and urban growth. — A People’s History of the United States (Zinn) ⑨ Participants were asked to characterize their emotional state. — Psychology Research (APA Journal) ⑩ The novel characterizes its protagonist as a man torn between duty and desire. — Literary Analysis (Norton Anthology)

3. strive /straɪv/

• 释义：v.（strove / striven）努力，奋力，奋斗（~ for / ~ to do）
• 同义词：endeavor, struggle, try hard, labor
• 近义词：attempt earnestly, push oneself
• 反义词：idle, give up, yield
• 易误用词：strife（n. 冲突、争斗）——strive是动词”努力”，strife是名词”纷争”
• 例句： ① We must strive for equality and justice in society. — UN Declaration of Human Rights Intro ② She strove to finish the marathon despite the injury. — Runner’s World ③ The organization strives to eradicate illiteracy in rural areas. — UNESCO Annual Report ④ Employees are encouraged to strive for continuous improvement. — Harvard Business Review ⑤ He strove against great odds to establish his own business. — Biography of Andrew Carnegie ⑥ Scientists strive to find a cure for the disease. — Nature Medicine ⑦ The team strove tirelessly to meet the deadline. — Project Management Case Study (PMI) ⑧ Immigrants often strive to build a better life for their children. — The New York Times Sunday Magazine ⑨ Athletes strive to reach peak performance before the Olympics. — Sports Illustrated ⑩ Parents strive to provide the best education they can afford. — Child Development Research (Society for Research in Child Development)

4. reconcile /ˈrekənsaɪl/

• 释义：v. 使和解（~ A with B）；调和（两种看似矛盾的观点）；使甘心接受（~ oneself to）
• 同义词：harmonize, resolve differences, settle
• 近义词：conciliate, bridge (the gap)
• 反义词：alienate, estrange, aggravate
• 易误用词：recognize（认出、承认）——reconcile是”调和／和解”，recognize是”识别”；rectify（纠正）——拼写形近义不同
• 例句： ① The couple sought counseling to reconcile their differences. — The New York Times Relationships ② How can we reconcile economic growth with environmental protection? — The Economist ③ He could not reconcile the two accounts of what happened. — Mystery Novel (Agatha Christie) ④ She reconciled herself to the fact that she would have to wait another year. — Jane Eyre (Charlotte Brontë) ⑤ The feuding factions finally agreed to reconcile and form a coalition. — BBC World News ⑥ Accountants reconcile the bank statement with the company ledger monthly. — Accounting Principles (Kieso) ⑦ It is difficult to reconcile his public statements with his private actions. — The Guardian ⑧ The brothers reconciled after years of estrangement. — Oprah Magazine ⑨ Philosophers have tried to reconcile free will with determinism. — Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy ⑩ I cannot reconcile these figures—there must be an error. — Corporate Finance Workbook (CFA Institute)

5. manifest /ˈmænɪfest/

• 释义：v. 表明，显现；（疾病、症状）出现 adj. 明显的 n.（船货）舱单
• 同义词：show, display, reveal, exhibit
• 近义词：demonstrate, betray (in a neutral sense), evidence
• 反义词：conceal, hide, mask, suppress
• 易误用词：manifesto（n. 宣言——拼写相近）——manifest作动词”显示”，作形容词”明显的”；manifesto是名词”宣言”
• 例句： ① Symptoms of the illness usually manifest within 48 hours. — Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Fact Sheet ② His nervousness manifested in a slight tremor of the hands. — The Catcher in the Rye (Salinger, footnote annotation) ③ The artist’s passion manifests itself in every brushstroke. — The Art Newspaper ④ No bias was found to manifest in the experimental group. — Journal of Experimental Psychology (APA) ⑤ The report manifests serious flaws in the current policy. — Foreign Affairs ⑥ Cultural differences began to manifest as the team worked together longer. — Cross-Cultural Management (Hofstede) ⑦ Fear can manifest physically as a racing heartbeat. — Mayo Clinic Health Letter ⑧ The customs officer checked the cargo manifest carefully. — International Shipping Regulations (IMO) ⑨ Social tension manifested most clearly in the protests of 1968. — A History of Modern Europe (Merriman) ⑩ True love is manifested through actions, not words alone. — Theology Textbook (N.T. Wright)

🎓 TEM-8 专八必背（5词）

1. obsequious /əbˈsiːkwiəs/

• 释义：adj.（含贬义）谄媚的，奉承的，过分殷勤的
• 同义词：sycophantic, fawning, ingratiating, toadying
• 近义词：servile, unctuous
• 反义词：aloof, indifferent, forthright, dignified
• 易误用词：obedient（听话的、顺从的——中性或褒义）——obsequious含贬义”奴颜婢膝地讨好”；sequacious（盲从的、缺乏独立思考的——更学术少用）
• 例句： ① The manager was surrounded by obsequious assistants who never challenged him. — The Wall Street Journal ② Dickens portrayed Uriah Heep as an obsequious social climber. — David Copperfield (Charles Dickens) ③ An obsequious waiter hovered, refilling our glasses before they were empty. — The New Yorker ④ Politicians are wary of appearing obsequious to donors. — The Economist ⑤ She found his obsequious compliments embarrassing rather than flattering. — Jane Austen Scholarly Annotation (Penguin Classics) ⑥ The villain’s obsequious henchmen provided comic relief in the film. — Film Comment Magazine ⑦ Obsequious behavior is often a cover for hidden ambition. — Character Analysis in Literature (Northrop Frye) ⑧ He was criticized for being too obsequious toward the board of directors. — Harvard Business Review Case Study ⑨ The courtier’s obsequious bow did not disguise his contempt. — Historical Fiction Review ⑩ In some cultures, what Westerners call obsequious might be seen as proper deference. — Cross-Cultural Etiquette Guide (Mole)

2. sanguine /ˈsæŋɡwɪn/

• 释义：adj. 乐观的，充满信心的（~ about）；(古)红润的，血红色的
• 同义词：optimistic, hopeful, buoyant, confident
• 近义词：cheerful (in expectation), assured
• 反义词：pessimistic, despondent, gloomy, dejected
• 易误用词：sanguinary（adj. 血腥的、嗜杀的——来自同一词根但意思截然不同，常误用互换）；sanguine在现代英语多为”乐观自信”
• 例句： ① Investors remain sanguine about the company’s long-term prospects. — Financial Times ② He was surprisingly sanguine in the face of impending disaster. — The London Times ③ Despite the setbacks, she stayed sanguine and kept working. — The New York Times ④ The coach was sanguine that the team would recover before finals. — Sports Illustrated ⑤ Medieval physiology held that a sanguine temperament was caused by excess blood. — History of Medicine (Garrison) ⑥ Most economists are sanguine that inflation will taper off. — The Economist ⑦ Her sanguine nature made her popular among the stressed-out staff. — Management Today ⑧ The general was sanguine about the chances of a swift victory. — Military History Quarterly ⑨ Voters are less sanguine about the new policy than they were a year ago. — Pew Research Center ⑩ With a sanguine smile, he assured us everything would be fine. — Contemporary Novel (Ian McEwan)

3. assiduous /əˈsɪdʒuəs/

• 释义：adj. 刻苦的，勤勉不懈的，一丝不苟的（~ in sth / ~ in doing）
• 同义词：diligent, industrious, meticulous, painstaking
• 近义词：persevering, conscientious
• 反义词：lazy, negligent, lackadaisical, slipshod
• 易误用词：assiduous vs. arduous（arduous = 艰巨的、费力的——形容事情难；assiduous = 人勤奋认真——形容持续付出）；insidious（阴险隐蔽的——拼写形近）
• 例句： ① She was an assiduous student who never missed a lecture. — Cambridge English Corpus Example ② The detective made an assiduous search of the crime scene. — Mystery Novel (P.D. James) ③ He is assiduous in recording every transaction in the ledger. — The Merchant of Venice (Shakespeare, annotated edition) ④ Assiduous preparation is the key to passing the bar exam. — Bar Exam Prep Manual (Kaplan) ⑤ The scholar’s assiduous research uncovered forgotten manuscripts. — Times Literary Supplement ⑥ Nurses must be assiduous in checking patients’ medication schedules. — Journal of Nursing Practice ⑦ Her assiduous attention to detail impressed the editor. — The Paris Review Interview ⑧ Only through assiduous practice can one master a musical instrument. — Music Theory & Practice (Berklee Press) ⑨ The lawyer was assiduous in following up every lead in the case. — Legal Thriller (John Grisham) ⑩ He kept assiduous notes throughout the semester. — Study Skills Handbook (Cornell University)

4. recalcitrant /rɪˈkælsɪtrənt/

• 释义：adj. 桀骜不驯的，难以管教的；（问题）顽固难解决的 n.（罕）不服管束的人
• 同义词：unruly, refractory, defiant, intractable
• 近义词：obstinate, disobedient, stubborn
• 反义词：compliant, obedient, docile, amenable
• 易误用词：recalcitrant vs. reluctant（reluctant = 不情愿的、勉强的——未必反抗；recalcitrant = 主动抗拒、难驯服）